Paper 2 · 100 marks · 3 hours

CA Foundation Business Laws

The full ICAI syllabus for Business Laws, every past paper with official Suggested Answers, and free AI-graded practice so you know exactly where you stand before exam day.

ICAI Study Material

Syllabus — Business Laws

All 7 chapters, per ICAI's New Scheme of Education and Training.

1 The Indian Regulatory Framework
2 The Indian Contract Act, 1872
3 The Sale of Goods Act, 1930
4 The Indian Partnership Act, 1932
5 The Limited Liability Partnership Act, 2008
6 The Companies Act, 2013
7 The Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881

How to study Business Laws

Where the marks tend to concentrate

The Indian Contract Act, 1872 is by a clear margin the heaviest chapter — it alone regularly accounts for a large share of total marks, spanning offer/acceptance, consideration, free consent, and breach of contract.
The Sale of Goods Act, 1930 and the Indian Partnership Act, 1932 (including the LLP Act) form the next-heaviest recurring block.
The Companies Act, 2013 portion (company formation, types of companies, memorandum/articles) and the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 both appear consistently, in shorter problem or theory form.

Common mistakes to avoid

Answering case-study/problem questions with only a conclusion, and no reference to the relevant section or the legal principle it rests on — ICAI specifically rewards citing the applicable provision.
Confusing similarly worded provisions across Acts (e.g., "void" vs. "voidable" agreements, or conditions vs. warranties under Sale of Goods).
Treating this as a purely theory subject and under-practising the problem-based questions, which make up a substantial share of the paper.

How ICAI marks this paper

Business Laws is a subjective, descriptive paper. For problem/case-study questions, ICAI's marking scheme gives credit for correctly identifying the applicable section or legal principle, applying it to the facts, and reaching a reasoned conclusion — each step is credited on its own, so citing the right provision even with an imperfect final conclusion is worth pursuing. There is no negative marking.

Weightage patterns are aggregated from past ICAI papers, not an official ICAI table — treat as directional guidance.